瀝青生產(chǎn)是將原油轉(zhuǎn)化為高質(zhì)量道路建設(shè)材料的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。瀝青生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)家的核心任務(wù)，是通過(guò)一系列物理和化學(xué)加工手段，從原油中提取出符合道路使用技術(shù)指標(biāo)的瀝青產(chǎn)品。這個(gè)過(guò)程既是一門(mén)科學(xué)，也是一門(mén)藝術(shù)——同樣的原油，不同的加工工藝，產(chǎn)出的瀝青性能可能天差地別。

Asphalt production is a crucial step in converting crude oil into high-quality road construction materials. The core task of asphalt manufacturers is to extract asphalt products that meet the technical specifications for road use from crude oil through a series of physical and chemical processing methods. This process is both a science and an art - the same crude oil, different processing techniques, may produce asphalt with vastly different properties.

瀝青生產(chǎn)的主流工藝主要包括蒸餾法、溶劑脫瀝青法和調(diào)和法三大類(lèi)。蒸餾法是非常簡(jiǎn)便、非常經(jīng)濟(jì)的瀝青生產(chǎn)方式。其原理是將原油在常減壓蒸餾裝置中分離，提取出汽油、柴油、煤油等輕質(zhì)組分后，剩余的減壓渣油即為瀝青。蒸餾法生產(chǎn)的瀝青稱(chēng)為“直餾瀝青”。然而，蒸餾法受工藝條件限制，一般只能生產(chǎn)軟化點(diǎn)較低的道路瀝青。對(duì)于石蠟基或含蠟中間基原油，簡(jiǎn)單蒸餾得到的渣油往往含蠟量較高，難以滿(mǎn)足重交通道路瀝青的技術(shù)指標(biāo)要求。

The mainstream processes for asphalt production mainly include distillation, solvent deasphalting, and blending. Distillation method is the simplest and most economical way to produce asphalt. The principle is to separate crude oil in the atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit, extract light components such as gasoline, diesel, kerosene, etc., and the remaining vacuum residue is asphalt. The asphalt produced by distillation method is called "straight run asphalt". However, the distillation method is limited by process conditions and can generally only produce road asphalt with a lower softening point. For paraffin based or intermediate base crude oil containing wax, the residual oil obtained by simple distillation often has a high wax content, which is difficult to meet the technical requirements of heavy traffic road asphalt.

針對(duì)這一難題，溶劑脫瀝青—調(diào)和組合工藝應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。該工藝采用蒸餾—溶劑脫瀝青—調(diào)合的組合流程，在保證各工藝單元非常佳加工深度的前提下實(shí)現(xiàn)工藝優(yōu)化組合，有效降低瀝青含蠟量并增加芳香性，使瀝青具有理想的流變性能。調(diào)和工藝則是將不同針入度和延度級(jí)別的瀝青進(jìn)行調(diào)配，以生產(chǎn)出符合特定技術(shù)要求的產(chǎn)品。將不同原油混煉能夠整合不同原油的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，彌補(bǔ)單一原油的性能缺陷。對(duì)于稠油，則可采用常減壓蒸餾加輕度氧化的聯(lián)合工藝，通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)蒸餾和氧化深度來(lái)調(diào)整瀝青各組分的比例，改善瀝青的粘彈性和感溫性。

In response to this challenge, the solvent deasphalting blending combination process has emerged. This process adopts a combination of distillation solvent deasphalting blending process, which achieves process optimization combination while ensuring the optimal processing depth of each process unit, effectively reducing the wax content of asphalt and increasing its aromaticity, making asphalt have ideal rheological properties. The blending process is to mix asphalt of different penetration and elongation levels to produce products that meet specific technical requirements. Mixing different crude oils can integrate their advantages and disadvantages, and compensate for the performance deficiencies of a single crude oil. For heavy oil, a combined process of atmospheric and vacuum distillation and mild oxidation can be used to adjust the proportion of asphalt components by adjusting the distillation and oxidation depth, improving the viscoelasticity and temperature sensitivity of asphalt.

改性瀝青生產(chǎn)代表了瀝青制造技術(shù)的更高層次。以SBS改性瀝青為例，其制備過(guò)程通常包括：將基質(zhì)瀝青加熱至流動(dòng)狀態(tài)，加入相容劑攪拌均勻，升溫至約185℃后加入SBS改性劑充分?jǐn)嚢瑁S后加入穩(wěn)定劑，經(jīng)剪切、攪拌、發(fā)育等工序非常終制成成品。改性瀝青的生產(chǎn)對(duì)溫度控制、剪切時(shí)間和發(fā)育條件都有嚴(yán)格要求，明顯一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的偏差都可能影響非常終產(chǎn)品的性能。此外，還有橡膠粉改性瀝青、乳化改性瀝青等多種產(chǎn)品，以滿(mǎn)足不同氣候條件和交通荷載下的路用需求。

The production of modified asphalt represents a higher level of asphalt manufacturing technology. Taking SBS modified asphalt as an example, its preparation process usually includes: heating the base asphalt to a flowing state, adding a compatibilizer and stirring evenly, heating to about 185 ℃, adding SBS modifier and stirring thoroughly, then adding stabilizer, and finally producing the final product through processes such as shearing, stirring, and development. The production of modified asphalt has strict requirements for temperature control, shear time, and development conditions, and any deviation in any link may affect the performance of the final product. In addition, there are various products such as rubber powder modified asphalt and emulsified modified asphalt to meet the road needs under different climatic conditions and traffic loads.

質(zhì)量控制是瀝青生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)家的生命線(xiàn)。正規(guī)的瀝青生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)家會(huì)對(duì)每一批次產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè)，檢測(cè)內(nèi)容涵蓋針入度、延度、軟化點(diǎn)等十多個(gè)關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)。生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中，需要對(duì)原料油的性質(zhì)、蒸餾溫度、調(diào)和比例、改性劑添加量等進(jìn)行全過(guò)程監(jiān)控。出廠(chǎng)前還需進(jìn)行質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)，確保產(chǎn)品符合國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求。中國(guó)已制定了《重交通量道路石油瀝青技術(shù)要求》《中、輕交通量道路石油瀝青技術(shù)要求》等一系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對(duì)反映瀝青性質(zhì)的各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均規(guī)定了具體要求。

Quality control is the lifeline of asphalt manufacturers. Legitimate asphalt manufacturers will conduct strict laboratory testing on each batch of products, covering more than ten key indicators such as penetration, elongation, softening point, etc. During the production process, it is necessary to monitor the properties of the raw oil, distillation temperature, blending ratio, and amount of modifier added throughout the entire process. Quality inspection is required before leaving the factory to ensure that the product meets the requirements of national or industry standards. China has formulated a series of standards such as "Technical Requirements for Petroleum Asphalt on Heavy Traffic Roads" and "Technical Requirements for Petroleum Asphalt on Medium and Light Traffic Roads", which specify specific requirements for various indicators reflecting the properties of asphalt.

行業(yè)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)方面，瀝青生產(chǎn)正朝著綠色化、高性能化和功能化方向演進(jìn)。溫拌技術(shù)、干法直投工藝的應(yīng)用有效降低了生產(chǎn)能耗與排放。廢舊瀝青混合料的再生利用技術(shù)日益成熟，全比例中溫再生等技術(shù)可實(shí)現(xiàn)廢舊瀝青混合料80%-100%的循環(huán)利用。中國(guó)《綠色交通“十四五”發(fā)展規(guī)劃》明確要求2025年高速公路瀝青路面材料循環(huán)利用率達(dá)到95%。同時(shí)，適應(yīng)出彩端氣候的高性能改性瀝青、彩色瀝青等功能性產(chǎn)品也在不斷豐富著瀝青生產(chǎn)的品類(lèi)版圖。

In terms of industry development trends, asphalt production is evolving towards green, high-performance, and functional directions. The application of warm mixing technology and dry direct feeding process effectively reduces production energy consumption and emissions. The recycling technology of waste asphalt mixture is becoming increasingly mature, and technologies such as full proportion medium temperature recycling can achieve 80% -100% recycling of waste asphalt mixture. The "14th Five Year Plan" for the development of green transportation in China clearly requires that the recycling rate of asphalt pavement materials on highways reach 95% by 2025. At the same time, high-performance modified asphalt, colored asphalt and other functional products that adapt to extreme weather conditions are constantly enriching the category map of asphalt production.

本文由濟(jì)南瀝青生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)家友情奉獻(xiàn).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊:http://huatts.com真誠(chéng)的態(tài)度.為您提供為多維度的服務(wù).更多有關(guān)的知識(shí)我們將會(huì)陸續(xù)向大家奉獻(xiàn).敬請(qǐng)期待.

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